UNIX¬O¤@Ó¦h¤H¦h¥\ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¦]¬°¬O¡u¦h¤H¡v¡A©Ò¥H¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥²¶·n¦³¤@Ó¡u±b¸¹¡v¤~¯à³Q¤ ¹³¶i¤J UNIX Àô¹Ò¤¤¤u§@¡A¦Ó³oÓ¶i¤J¦Û¤v±b¸¹ªº°Ê§@´N¬O©Ò¿×ªº¡uñ¤J¡v¡C¦b¥H©¹²ßºD¤W¡A¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±`±`±Ä¥Î NCSA ³q°T³nÅé¥Ñ PC ñ¤J¤u§@¯¸¡A§Y¦b DOS ´£¥Ü²Å¸¹¤UÁä¤J¦p¤U«ü¥O¡G ^¤å¼Ò¦¡¤U
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nctutel [¤u§@¯¸]
nsysutel [¤u§@¯¸]
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1. Login:¡@¡@¡@¡@(½Ð¿é¤J±b¸¹¦WºÙ )
2. Password:¡@¡@ (½Ð¿é¤J±K½X )
Y±b¸¹¦WºÙ»P±K½XµL»~¡A´N¥i¥H¶¶§Q¦a¶i¤JÓ¤Hªº±b¸¹¤¤¡Cnª`·Nªº¬O¡G¦b UNIX Àô¹Ò¤¤¡A¥]¬A±b¸¹»P±K½Xªº¿é¤J¡A¨CÓ¦r¥Àªº¤j¤p¼g¨Ã¤£¤¬³q¡A¦]¦¹Y¿é¤J±b¸¹©Î±K½X®É ¤j¤p¼g·d¿ù¡A«KµLªk¶¶§Q¶i¤J±b¸¹¤¤¡C
¦Ü©ó¡uñ°h¡v«h¬O«üÂ÷¶}¦Û¤v±b¸¹ªº°Ê§@¡A ¥i¨Ï¥Îªº«ü¥O¦³ exit¡Blogout¡A©Î«ö¥\¯àÁä CTRL-d¡C
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unix ¤D¬O¤@¦h¤H¦h¥\ªº§@·~¨t²Î¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¦b¦P¤@Ӯɶ¡¤º¡A ³q±`·|¦³³\¦h¤H¦b¦P¼Ë¤@³¡¾÷¾¹¤W¡B¶i¦æµÛ³\¦h¤£¦Pªº¤u§@¡C ¦]¦¹¡A UNIX¤£¥i¯àÅý©Ò¦³ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³£¶i¤J®Ú¥Ø¿ý¡AÀH¤ß©Ò±ýªº°µ¦U¤H·Q°µªº¨Æ¡A¦Ó³y ¦¨¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¶¡Àɮת¬ºAªº½Ä¬ð¡C°w¹ï³oÓ°ÝÃD¡A UNIX ªº¸Ñ¨M¤è¦¡¬O¡G±NºÏºÐªÅ¶¡°µ¤@§¹¾ãªº³W¹º¡Aµ¹¨C¤@ӨϥΪ̳£¯à¦³¤@Ó§¹¥þÄÝ©ó¥L¦Û¤vªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡¡A¤£P©ó¦³¯}Ãa§O¤HÀɮשÎÀɮ׳Q§O¤H¯}Ãaªº±¡ªpµo¥Í¡A¦Ó³oÓÄÝ©óÓ¤HªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡(¤@ ӥؿý)¡A´N¬OÓ¤H¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº Home Directory¡C
Ó¤Hªº Home Directory ªº¦ì¸m³q±`¬O¦]¨t²ÎºÞ²zªÌªº³W¹º¦Ó¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡A¦p«Ø¦b /usr2/u/cc¡B/usr2/u/ee ©³¤Uµ¥µ¥(¡@'/' §Y¬Û·í©ó DOS ¤¤ªº '\'¡A¥Nªí®Ú¥Ø¿ý©Î¸ô®|¤¤¥Ø¿ý¶¡ªº°Ï¹j²Å¸¹)¡AUNIX ¬O¥HÅÜ¼Æ HOME ¨ÓÀx¦s±b¸¹ªº Home Directory ªº©Ò¦b¦ì¸m¡A±z¥i¦b UNIX À6¹Ò¤¤¥H¤U¦C«ü¥O±oª¾±b¸¹ Home Directory ªº¦ì¸m¡G
echo $HOME¥t¥~¡AµL½×§Ú̱N¥Ø¿ý§ó´«¨ì¨ºÓ¦ì¸m¡A¥un¨Ï¥Î 'cd' «ü¥O¡B¤£¥[¥ô¦ó°Ñ¼Æ¡A§Y¥i¦^¨ì¦Û¤vªº Home Directory ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡C
1. man [CMD]¥i¬d¾\©R¥O[CMD]ªº¥Î³~¡B»yªk¡B°Ñ¼Æ¤Î¬ÛÃö°T®§¡A¦p
man ls ©Î man rm§Y¥i¬d¬Ý ls ©Î rm «ü¥O¤§¥Îªk¡A¥t man intro' ¥i¬d¬Ý¦b UNIX ¤¤©Ò¦³ªº¥i¨Ï¥Î«ü¥O¡C2. passwd
¥i§ó§ï¦Û¤vªº±K½X¡A¥H´î¤Ö³Q¤J«Iªº¾÷·|¡C¦¹«ü¥O°õ¦æ«á¡A»Ý¥ý¿é¤J±K½X¡A¦b®Ö¹ïµL»~«á¤~¶}©l¿é¤J·s±K½X¡A¦p¡G
Old password: (¿é¤Jì¨ÓªºÂ±K½X) New password: (¿é¤J·Qnªº·s±K½X) Retype new password: (¦A¿é¤J¤@¦¸·s±K½X¥H°µ½T»{)3. touch [FILE]²£¥Í¤@ÓÀɮפj¤p¬°0ªºªÅÀɮסC
4. mkdir [DIR]
²£¥Í¤@·sªºªÅ¥Ø¿ý¡A[dir]¬°¥Ø¿ý¦WºÙ¡C
5. rmdir [DIR]
§R°£¤@ªÅ¥Ø¿ý(Yn§R°£ªº¤£¬OªÅ¥Ø¿ý¡A«h¥Îrm -r [DIR]«ü¥O¥[¥H§R°£)¡C
6. cd [DIR]
¥i§ó´«²{¦æ¥Ø¿ý¡AY¤£«ü©w¥Ø¿ý¦WºÙ(¥u¤U'cd')¡A«h¬O±N²{¦æ¥Ø¿ý§ó´«¨ì¦Û¤vªºHOME DIRECTORY¡C
7. pwd
Åã¥Ü¥Ø«e©Ò¦bªº¥Ø¿ý¦ì¸m¡C
8. ls [-al] [DIR]
Åã¥Ü²{¦æ¥Ø¿ý©Î«ü©w¥Ø¿ýªºÀɮ׸ê®Æ¡AY¥[¤W'-a'°Ñ¼Æ¥i±NÁôÂÃÀÉ(ÀɦW¥H'.'¶}ÀYªºÀÉ®×)ªº¸ê®Æ¤@¨ÖÅã¥Ü¡FY¥[¤W'-l'°Ñ¼Æ«h¥iÅã¥Ü¸û¸Ô²ÓªºÀɮ׸ê®Æ¡A¦pÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ¡BÀɮפj¤p¡B²£¥Í¤é´Á... µ¥¡C
9. rm [FILE]
§R°£¤@өΦhÓÀɮסAY¥[¤W'-r'°Ñ¼Æ«h¥i§R°£¤@¥Ø¿ý¤Î¦¹¥Ø¿ý¤Uªº©Ò¦³ÀɮסC
10. mv [FILES1] [ [FILES2] or [DIR]] ]
±N[FILES1]§ï¦W¬°[FILES2]¡A©Î±N¥¦ªº¦ì¸m²¾¨ì[DIR]¥Ø¿ý¤U¡C
11. cp [FILES1] [ [[FILES2] OR [DIR]] ]
±N[FILES1]«þ¨©¤@¥÷¡B©R¦W¬°[FILES2]©Î©ñ¨ì[DIR]¥Ø¿ý¤U¡A¥B[[FILES2] or [dir]]¬O¤£¯à¬Ù²¤ªº¡AYn±N¬Y¤@Àɮ׫þ¨©¨ì²{¦æ¥Ø¿ý¤¤¡A½Ð¤U cp [FILE] .
12. echo [STRING]
¦bµe±¤WÅã¥Ü¤@¦r¦ê©Î¤@ÅܼƤº®e¡A¦p
echo $HOME Åã¥ÜHOMEÅܼƤ§¤º®e echo $SHELL Åã¥ÜSHELLÅܼƤ§¤º®e13. cat [FILE]Åã¥ÜÀɮתº¤º®e¡B¥B¤£¤À¶¡C
14. more [FILE] ©Î pg [FILE]
¤À¶Åã¥ÜÀɮפº®e¡A¶W¹L¤@¶ªºÀÉ®×¥i¥Î
¸õ¨ì¤U¤@¶¡B'b'¸õ¦^¤W¤@¶¡B'q'°±¤îÀɮתºÅã¥Ü¡C 15. clear
²M°£µe±¤W©Ò¦³°T®§¡C
16. grep [STRING] [FILE]
¦bÀɮפ¤´M§ä¬Y¤@¦r¦ê¡B¨Ã±N§t¦³¦¹¦r¦êªº¨º¦æ¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¦bµe±¤W¡A¦p¡G
grep jlin /etc/passwd¤]¥i¥Î'|'ªþ¥[©ó¬Y¤@«ü¥O¤§«á¡A§@¥Î¦b©ó¹LÂo±N¥X²{ªº°T®§¡A¦pls -al|grep log§Y¥uÅã¥ÜÀɮ׸ê®Æ¤¤§t¦³'log'³oÓ¦r¦êªº¨º´X¦æ¸ê®Æ¡C17. whereis [COMMAND]
·í±z¤£²M·¡¬Y¤@©R¥Oªº©Ò¦b¸ô®|®É¡A¥i¥Î³oÓ«ü¥OÀ°¦£´M§ä¡A¦¹«ü¥O¥\¯à»Pwhich«ü¥OÃþ¦ü¡C
18. find
®Ú¾ÚÀɦW(-name)©Î¨ä¥L¯S©Ê´M§äÀɮתº©Ò¦b¡A¨Ã¤£«]©ó©R¥OÀɪº´M§ä¡A¦p
find / -name passwd -print§Y¦Û®Ú(/)¶}©l¡B©¹¤U´M§äÀɦW¬°passwdªºÀɮסB¨Ã±N¤§¦C¦L¨ì¿Ã¹õ¤W(-print)¡C19. ps
Åã¥Ü¦Uprocessªº½s¸¹(PID)¡B°õ¦æª¬ºAµ¥¡A¦p©R¥O¬OIDLE¡BTERMINATED¡BSLEEP©ÎRUNNABLE¡C
20. kill [-9] [PID]
±NÄÝ©ó¦Û¤wªº¬Y¤@ÓPROCESS§R°£¡A¤£¦A°õ¦æ¡C
21. df
Åã¥Ü©Òñ¤J¾÷¾¹¤W¦³¨º¨ÇÀɮרt²Î(Ãþ¦üDOSªººÏºÐ)¡B¤Î¦UÀɮרt²ÎªÅ¶¡ªº¨Ï¥Î±¡ªp¡C
22. quota -v
¥i¬Ý¥X¬Y¦ì¨Ï¥ÎªÌºÏºÐªÅ¶¡¡BÀÉ®×Ӽƪº°tÃB¤Î°tÃB¨Ï¥Î¤Wªº±¡ªp¡A¦p¡G
Disk quotas for jlin (uid 108): Filesystem usage quota limit timeleft files quota limit timeleft /a/thccy14/usr4/oz 6410 25000 30000 104 950 1000Y usage ¶W¹L quota¡Aªí¥Ü©Ò¨Ï¥ÎªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡¤w¶W¹L°tÃB¡A¦¹®É¶·»°§Ö²M°£¤£¥²nªºÀɮסA§_«h¨t²Î±N¦b´Á¨ì´Á(±q¶W¹L°tÃB°_¤C¤Ñ«á)ÀH¾÷§R°£±zªºÀɮסA¥B¨Ï¥ÎªººÏºÐªÅ¶¡Y ¶W¹L°tÃB¡A¦b¨Ï¥Î¹q¤l¶l¥ó¦¬«H®É¤]·|¦³¤£¯à¦¬«Hªº±¡ªpµo¥Í¡A¶·¯S§Oª`·N¡C23. nslookup [IP or DOMAIN NAME]
¥H¥D¾÷ªºIP¡BDOMAIN NAME©Î§O¦W(ALIAS)¤TªÌ¤§¤@¬d¸ß³o³¡¥D¾÷ªº³o¤TºØ¸ê®Æ¡C
24. ping [IP]
¥i¶Ç°e¤@¨Ç°T®§¨ìºô¸ô¤W¬Y¤@©wÂI¡A¥H¬O§_¦¬¨ì¤@¨Ç¦^À³¨Ó´úµø©Ò¦b¦ì¸m©M³o¤@©wÂI¶¡ºô¸ô¬O§_³qºZ¡C
25. who or w
¦C¥X©Ò¦³¦b½u¤Wªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A¤Î¨äñ¤J®É¶¡¡B¦aÂI¡B¤Î¥¿¦b¶i¦æ¤¤ªº«ü¥O¡C
26. finger [ID]@[MACHINE]
Æ[¹î¦b¬Y³¡¾÷¾¹¤Wªº¬YӨϥΪ̪º±¡ªp¡A¦p³Ì«á¤@¦¸Ã±¤Jªº®É¶¡¡B¬Ý«Hªº®É¶¡...¡C
27. chsh
§ïÅÜñ¤J®É©Ò¥Îªºshell(¬°unixªº©R¥O½sĶ¾¹)¡A±`¨£ªºshell¦psh¡Bcsh¡Btcsh¡Bbash...µ¥¡A·í°õ¦æ¦¹©R¥O®É±N³Q¸ß°Ý¡G New shell: ¦¹®É¡A½Ð¿é¤Jshellªº§¹¾ã¸ô®|¡A¦p/bin/csh(¥i°Ñ¦Ò/etc/shellsÀɮתº¤º®e)¡C
UNIXÀɮרt²Î¤¤¡AÀɮפΥؿý¦WºÙ¨Ã¤£¹³DOS¨t²Î¦³¤£¯à¶W¹L8Ó¦r¤¸ªº¨î¡A¤]¨S¦³°ÆÀɦW¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥iµø¦Û¤vªº»Ýn¨M©wÀɦWªº§Î¦¡»Pªø«×¡C ¦¹¥~¡AUNIXÀɮרt²Îªº³Ì¤j¯S¦â¦b©ó¡G¥¦¨t²Î¤Uªº¨C¤@ÓÀɮשΥؿý³£¦³¥¦Ì¦Û¤vªºmode¡G·í±z¥H'ls -l'«ü¥O¬d¬ÝÀɮת¬ªp®É¡AÀ³¸Ó·|¬Ý¨ì¦p¤UªºÃþ¦ü°T®§¡Gdrwxrwx--- 2 jlin 512 Dec 31 08:39 Mail -rw-r--r-- 1 jlin 191 Feb 2 14:43 memm -rwxrwxrwx 1 jlin 13 Feb 16 12:26 test°T®§¤¤ªº²Ä¤@Ó¦r¤¸Åã¥ÜÀɮתººØÃþ¡A¥¦¥i¯à¬O¡Gd ªí¥Ü¬O¤@ӥؿý - ªí¥Ü¬O¤@¯ëªºÀÉ®× l °µ¤F¸óÀɮרt²Î³sµ²(SYMBOLIC LINK)ªºÀɮשΥؿý±µ¤U¨Óªº¤EÓ¦r¥À«h¨Ì§Ç¤À¬°¤T²Õ¡A¤À§O¥NªíÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ(USER)¡B»PÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌÄÝ©ó¦P¤@Ógroupªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ(Group)¡B¨ä¥L¨Ï¥ÎªÌ(Others)µ¥¤T²Õ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¹ï³oÓÀɮתº¦s¨úÅv¡A¦Ó¨C¤@²Õ ªº¤TÓ¦r¤¸¨Ì¦¸¥Nªí¸Ó²Õ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¹ï³oÓÀÉ®×Ū(read¡A¥Nªí¼Æ¦r¬O4)¡B¼g(write¡B¥Nªí¼Æ¦r¬O2)¡B°õ¦æ(execute¡B¥Nªí¼Æ¦r¬O1)ªºÅv§Q¡AY¦ì¸m¤W¥X²{'-'¡A«hªí¥Ü¥¦©Ò¥NªíªºÅv¬O ³Q¸T¤îªº¡C¦p¤Wzªºtest
- ¬O¤@¯ëÀɮסA¥BUser¡BGroup¡BOthers¹ï¥¦¬Ò¦³Åª(r)¡b¼g(w)¤Î°õ¦æ(x)ªºÅv¡C
memm
- ¬O´¶³qÀɮסAUser¹ï¥¦¦³Åª¼gªºÅv§Q¡A¦ýµLªk°õ¦æ¥¦¡FGroup»POthers«h¥u¦³Åª¨úªºÅv¡A¤£¯àקï©Î°õ¦æ¥¦¡C
- ¬O¤@ӥؿý¡C¹ï¤@ӥؿý¦Ó¨¥¡A'r'ªí¥Ü¥i¹ï³oӥؿý§@'ls'ªº°Ê§@¡F'w'ªí¥Ü¥i¦b¦¹¥Ø¿ý¤U¼W§RÀɮסF'x' ªí¥Ü¥icd¨ì³oӥؿý©³¤U¡C©Ò¥H¹ï©óMail¦Ó¨¥¡A°£ ¤F³oӥؿýªº¾Ö¦³ªÌ»P©M¥LÄݦP¤@groupªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥~¡A¨ä¥L¤H¬OµLªk±oª¾¥¦ªº¤º®e¡A¤]µLªk¼W§R¥¦©³¤UªºÀɮסC
¥Ñ©óUNIXÀɮרt²Îªº³oºØ¯S©Ê¡A§ÚÌ¥iÂǵ۹ïÀɮשΥؿý'mode'ªº±±¨î¡A¦Ó¹F¨ì±±¨îÀɮ׫O±K©Êªº¥Øªº¡CÀÉ®×¾Ö¦³ªÌ¥i¨Ï¥Î¦p¤U«ü¥O¨Ó§ïÅÜÀɮפΥؿýªº'mode'¡G
chmod nnn [FILE]¨ä¤¤nnn¤TӼƦr¨Ì¦¸¥Nªíuser¡Bgroup»POthersªºÅv§Qª¬ºA¡An³Ì¤j¬°7¡B³Ì¤p¬°0¡A¬O¦UÅv¥Nªí¼Æ¦rªº©M¡Cn Åv§Qª¬ºA ¢w ¢w¢w¢w¢w 0 --- ( 0+0+0 ) 1 --x ( 0+0+1 ) 2 -w- ( 0+2+0 ) 3 -wx ( 0+2+1 ) 4 r-- ( 4+0+0 ) 5 r-x ( 4+0+1 ) 6 rw- ( 4+2+0 ) 7 rwx ( 4+2+1 )¦p°õ¦æchmod 444 test«htestªºmodeÅܦ¨-r--r--r-- 1 jlin 13 Feb 16 12:26 test¹ï©Ò¦³ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨Ó»¡¡Atest³£¬O¤@Óread onlyªºÀɮסA¦p¦¹§ÚÌ´N¥i¨ÌÀɮתº«n©Ê¤Î¦w¥þ©Êªº¦Ò¼{¡A¶}©ñ¦Û¤vªºÀɮסA¥H´Á¹F¨ì¸ê·½¦@¨É¡A©ÎÃö³¬¦Û¤vªºÀɮסA¥H¹F¨ì¾÷±K©Ê»P¦w¥þ©Êªºn¨D¡C
¦]¨Ï¥Î¤Wªº»Ýn¡A§ÚÌ¥²¶·Åý¬Y¤@ÓÀɮצP®É¦s©ñ¦b³\¦h¤£¦Pªº¸ô®|¤U¡A¦ýY¨Ï¥Î'cp'«ü¥O¡A§â³oÓÀɮ׫þ¨©¨ì¦U¸ô®|¤U¡A«h¦P¤@¥÷¸ê®Æ´N¦û¾Ú¤F¦h¥÷ªººÏºÐªÅ ¶¡¡A¤£¥¹³y¦¨ºÏºÐªÅ¶¡ªº®ö¶O¡A¥B·íÀɮפº®e»Ý°µ§ó°Ê®É¡A§Ṳ́]¥²»Ý¤@¤@¥[¥H×¥¿¡A¬J³Â·Ð¤S¥i¯à·|¦³¿òº|¡A¹ê«D¨}µ¦¡C¦bUNIX¨t²Î¤¤¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥Î'ln'«ü¥O°µÀɮתº³sµ²¥H¸Ñ¨M¤Wzªº§xÂZ¡A«ü¥Oªº¤Uªk¬°¡G
ln [FILE1] [FILE2]§Y§â[FILE1]³oÓÀɮ׸ê®Æ¦bºÏºÐ¤¤¦s©ñªº°_©l¦ì¸m¦s©ñ¨ì[FILE2]¤¤¡A´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A[FILE2]ªº¤º®e¥u¬O¤@Ó«ü¼Ð¡A¥¦«ü¦V[FILE1]ªº¸ê®ÆÀx¦s°Ï¡A·í¨Ï¥ÎªÌ©I¥s[FILE2]®É¡A¨t²Î´N¨ì¥¦©Ò°O¸üªº¦ì¸m¤WŪ¨ú [FILE1]ªº¸ê®Æ¨Ó¨Ï¥Î¡AY¸ê®Æ¸g¹Lקï«á¦sÀÉ¡A¤]¬O¦s¨ì¥¦©Ò°O¸üªº«ü¼Ð¦ì¸m¡C³oÓ§@ªk¥i¥H¨Ï¦U¸ô®|¤U©Ò¦³³sµ²°_¨ÓªºÀɮסA¯à°µ¦P¨Bªº×§ï¡AÁקK¾Þ§@¤Wªº³Â·Ð©Î¿òº|¡A¦P®É¤]¥i¥HÁקK¦P¤@¸ê®Æ«½Æ¨Ï¥ÎºÏºÐªÅ¶¡¡B³y¦¨®ö¶O¡A¬°UNIXÀɮרt²Îªº¤@¤j¯S¦â¡C
PS. Y±ý³sµ²ªº¨âÓÀɮפÀÄݨâÓ¤£¦PªºÀɮרt²Î¡A«h³sµ²®É¶·¥[¤W'-s'°Ñ¼Æ¡A°µ©Ò¿×Symbolic Link¡A¦p¡G
ln -s [FILE1] [FILE2]
vi¬OUNIX¨t²Î¤ºªþªº¥þ¿Ã¹õ½s¿è¾¹¡A¥un±zªº¾÷¾¹¨Ï¥ÎUNIX§@·~¨t²Î¡A±z´N´X¥G¤@©w¦³vi¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¡Avi¦b¨Ï¥Î®É¤À¬°¤TÓ¼Ò¦¡¡G
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