Medical imaging, industrial radiography and security inspection all need detectors that convert ionizing radiation into charge at the lowest possible dose. Halide perovskites contain heavy elements with high effective atomic number, absorb X-rays strongly and transport carriers over long distances.

Most reported perovskite X-ray detectors use bulk single crystals or thick cast films, neither of which integrates easily with thin-film transistor backplanes. We deposit the full device stack by vacuum evaporation onto arbitrary substrates. Our all-vacuum-deposited p–i–n detector reached a self-powered sensitivity of 1.2 C Gy_air⁻¹ cm⁻³ and a detection limit of 25.69 nGy_air s⁻¹ at zero bias, operating with no external power supply.

Current research directions:

• All-vacuum-deposited perovskite X-ray detectors and imagers.

• Self-powered, zero-bias radiation detection.

• Perovskite and copper halide scintillators.

• Flexible and large-area detector arrays.

• Low-noise thin-film photodetectors.