Halide perovskites combine a tunable bandgap, long carrier diffusion lengths and strong absorption. Most record devices are still spin-coated, which is hard to scale. We build solar cells by all-vacuum deposition — thermal co-evaporation of the absorber with vacuum-sublimed transport layers — a solvent-free, conformal route already proven in industrial manufacturing.

Co-evaporated α-FAPbI₃ absorbers annealed under saturated humidity reach 21.3% power conversion efficiency in inverted cells, and 34.9% and 36.7% under 1000 lx fluorescent illumination. Indoor harvesting is a second focus: our vacuum-deposited environmental light harvesters delivered 30.1% efficiency and 94.9 µW cm⁻² at 1000 lux, enough to power wireless sensors without batteries.

Current research directions:

• All-vacuum-deposited FAPbI₃ and mixed-cation solar cells.

• Environmental (indoor) light energy harvesters.

• Vacuum-sublimed charge-transporting materials.

• Defect passivation and phase stabilization.

• Scalable deposition and mini-modules toward commercialization.